Table 1 Characteristics of the study population before IPTW
Variable | TNFi non-exposure (n = 338) | TNFi exposure (n = 75) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, years, mean ± SD | 60.7 ± 13.3 | 51.9 ± 10.9 | < 0.001 |
Male, n (%) | 253 (74.9) | 69 (92.0) | 0.001 |
Disease duration, years, mean ± SD | 3.2 ± 2.8 | 3.2 ± 2.9 | 0.918 |
Comorbidities | |||
Hypertension, n (%) | 219 (64.8) | 32 (42.7) | < 0.001 |
Type 2 diabetes, n (%) | 95 (28.1) | 12 (16.0) | 0.030 |
Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 149 (44.1) | 33 (44.0) | 0.990 |
Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 23 (6.8) | 1 (1.3) | 0.097 |
Medications | |||
Methotrexate, n (%) | 38 (11.2) | 21 (28.0) | < 0.001 |
Sulfasalazine, n (%) | 129 (38.2) | 55 (73.3) | < 0.001 |
Glucocorticoids, n (%) | 305 (90.2) | 67 (89.3) | 0.813 |
Non-selective NSAIDs, n (%) | 319 (94.4) | 71 (94.7) | > 0.999 |
Selective COX-2 inhibitors, n (%) | 202 (59.8) | 54 (72.0) | 0.048 |
Antiplatelet agents, n (%) | 325 (96.2) | 75 (100.0) | 0.138 |
Anticoagulants, n (%) | 61 (18.0) | 7 (9.3) | 0.066 |
Statins, n (%) | 315 (93.2) | 71 (94.7) | 0.799 |
ACE inhibitors or ARBs, n (%) | 259 (76.6) | 58 (77.3) | 0.896 |
Beta-blockers, n (%) | 219 (64.8) | 44 (58.7) | 0.318 |
SGLT2 inhibitors, n (%) | 37 (10.9) | 11 (14.7) | 0.363 |
GLP1 receptor agonists, n (%) | 3 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | > 0.999 |