Fig. 4

Individual SHAP value plots for top five characteristics predictive of abatacept 6-month retention. Colors indicate the value of the variable: red represents higher and blue represents lower. Each dot represents a single patient. Higher SHAP values indicate a higher likelihood of retention. *For these characteristics, more columns are included here compared to the overall SHAP plot (Fig. 2) due to the step of filling missing values. Missing values are filled as predicted from available values providing a numerical output (logit); the numerical output (logit) is used to make the prediction to prevent the information loss caused by the step of transferring into binary outputs. †Breaks or steps in the SHAP plots likely result from use of the gradient boosting classifier, a decision tree-based model, which uses age at certain values to split the tree decisions in the model. ACPA anti-citrullinated protein antibody, ACR American College of Rheumatology, MTX methotrexate, SHAP SHapley Additive exPlanations