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Table 2 Differences in clinical characteristics between study participants with and without fibromyalgia as a comorbidity

From: The insula represents a key neurobiological pain hub in psoriatic arthritis

Clinical features

With

Fibromyalgia

(n = 20)

Without

Fibromyalgia

(n = 26)

P-value

Effect Size (Cohen’s d)

Age (mean ± SD)

50 ± 9.7

47.8 ± 12.4

ns

0,21

Disease duration (years, mean ± SD)

5.2 ± 4.8

7 ± 6.5

ns

0.31

Sex (male/female)

7/13

15/11

ns

0.46

BMI (mean ± SD)

30.3 ± 4.1

28.8 ± 4.8

ns

0.34

FM criteria fulfilled (%)

100%

0%

  

FM total score (mean ± SD)

17.8 ± 3.2

8.4 ± 3.4

< 0.0001

2.89

Current overall body pain NRS 0-100 (mean ± SD)

40 ± 26.3

30.8 ± 20.7

ns

0.4

Number of previous DMARDs (including biologics)

0–1

2–4

> 4

4

4

12

10

13

3

0.002

1.23

TJC 66 (mean ± SD)

27.2 ± 14.1

16 ± 11.8

0.004

0.86

SJC 68 (mean ± SD)

8.2 ± 5.2

5.9 ± 3.3

ns

0.54

CRP (mg/dL, mean ± SD)

1.7 ± 3.7

0.5 ± 0.5

ns

0.48

Patient gVAS (mean ± SD)

50.9 ± 20.3

33 ± 13.5

0.007

1.07

DAPSA (mean ± SD)

67.8 ± 17.9

52 ± 23

0.001

0.75

LEI score (mean ± SD)

3.4 ± 2

2.2 ± 1.8

0.034

0.66

BASDAI (mean ± SD)

7 ± 1.5

5.5 ± 1.8

0.005

0.87

  1. BASDAI– Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index; BMI– Body Mass Index; DAPSA– Disease Activity in PSoriatic Arthritis; FM– Fibromyalgia; gVAS– Global Disease Activity; LEI– Leed Enthesitis Index; NRS– Numeric Rating Scale; SD– Standard Deviation; SJC– Swollen Joints Count; TJC– Tender Joints Count. Significant differences were determined via unpaired t tests and chi-square tests. Effect Size (Cohen’s d) threshold for interpretation: d < 0.2 - small effect; d = 0.5 - medium effect; d = 0.8 - large effect