Fig. 5

(a) Representative images depicting ulcer healing before and after treatment; (b) Ulcer healing time comparison between HDFG and HDFG-BTX groups; Hand images and the results of infrared thermal imaging: (c) The representative images of the appearance of the hand before and after treatment one year. The fingertip ulcers on the index and middle fingers healed 16 days after surgery and had not recurred after 1 year of follow-up; (d) A representative image of the hand’s blood supply before and after treatment. There was evident insufficiency of blood supply before surgery, particularly in the fingers with ulcers. One year post-surgery, the blood supply to the fingers was essentially restored; (e) There were significant differences in the percentage of blood perfusion units in the hands of HDFG-BTX group before and after treatment; Identification of Adipose-derived stromal cells: (f) Adipose-derived stromal cells from patients with RP (ADSCs-RP) subcutaneous adipose tissue displayed mesenchymal stem cell characteristics. Phase-contrast micrograph of the ADSCs-RP demonstrated fibroblast morphology. Magnification: 40×; (g) Flow cytometric analysis of ADSCs-RP